AS Frameworks Linked to Language Change

.Lexis/Semantics - Lexis is the choice of words/utterances within a text. Semantics is a similar concept, focusing on a particular context within the lexis. We can analyse Lexis by it's formality, etc. Lexis is mainly about specific wording, not sentence/utterance structures. For example, specific words like 'formality' is a lexis choice. Any word is lexis, But there are different types. Some lexis types are more standard English, and others may be the compete opposite, such as formal, non standard English.

.Graphology is how the page LOOKS. How the text is presented, whether it be the text or the illustrations on the page. For example, if the page is colourful, we can sometimes assume what the purpose, audience or form is. If there's a colourful book with barely any language in it, we can assume it's aimed at children, for educational and entertainment reasons.

.Grammar - Sentence structure, the tone in which it is said, the formality etc. This is based on the choice of utterance. Again, this depends on context- the formality of the text and what the form or audience is. For example, an utterance in the independent newspaper is likely to be formal grammar.

.Pragmatics - Must think about how the context of the text affects the way the text is perceived and how it looks. Think about how the text would work in real life, what audience is it aiming at? How does the text 'rely on social conventions, shared understanding and implied meanings'? For example, politeness strategies and sarcasm changes the meaning of the actual words said. 

.Phonetics - How the words literally sound. Intonation is a good example of this. Putting stress on words can imply sarcasm or empathy for someone or something. For example, if someone said 'well that was brilliant wasn't it', in a sarcastic way, we know they are being sarcastic by how they make the word sound and the intonation they use. We also accept accents other than received pronunciation because our society is more broad. The stereotypes can be argued to be still present, but not as much. 

.Discourse Structure - What's the structure? Discourse patterns/types. What's the form of the text? For example, is it in paragraphs, columns etc.